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Table 7 Fasting serum blood and hormone markers observed over time

From: Effects of diet type and supplementation of glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM on body composition, functional status, and markers of health in women with knee osteoarthritis initiating a resistance-based exercise and weight loss program

Variable

0

Weeks

10

14

Group

p-level

Time

G × T

Blood Lipids & Glucose

      

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.71 ± 1.0

1.59 ± 1.0

1.62 ± 1.0

0.91

0.51

0.83

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.61 ± 1.0

5.15 ± 0.8†

5.25 ± 1.2

0.05

0.08q

0.78

LDL (mmol/l)

3.65 ± 0.8

3.23 ± 0.6†

3.34 ± 0.9

0.13

0.04 q

0.51

HDL (mmol/l)

1.39 ± 0.3

1.23 ± 0.2†

1.24 ± 0.3†

0.14

0.02

0.96

Glucose (mmol/l)

5.93 ± 0.8

5.69 ± 0.8

5.52 ± 0.9

0.99

0.08

0.96

Serum Protein and Enzymes

      

BUN (mmol/l)

5.09 ± 1.4

4.85 ± 1.4

4.36 ± 1.4†

0.91

0.006

0.44

Creatinine (1/2 mol/l)

72 ± 15

69 ± 13

61 ± 15†

0.66

0.003

0.68

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

17.6 ± 3.8

17.6 ± 3.7

18.0 ± 4.4

0.63

0.55

0.33

Uric Acid (1/2 mol/l)

328 ± 92

300 ± 68†

300 ± 77†

0.49

0.09

0.93

CK (IU/l)

59 ± 36

87 ± 42†

88 ± 27†

0.23

0.001

0.86

ALT (IU/l)

25.5 ± 11

19.7 ± 6†

22.0 ± 10

0.81

0.008q

0.14

AST (IU/l)

20.0 ± 6

20.0 ± 5

21.8 ± 8

0.95

0.17

0.96

GGT (IU/l)

42.8 ± 30

41.7 ± 32

50.9 ± 45

0.66

0.15

0.23

Hormones

      

C-Reactive Protein (1/2 mol/l)

4.93 ± 4.3

5.12 ± 4.2

7.12 ± 6.7†

0.84

0.06

0.55

IL-6 (pg/ml)

3.68 ± 3.9

3.54 ± 4.1

3.38 ± 5.0

0.13

0.78

0.16

TNF-α (pg/ml)

0.72 ± 2.9

0.90 ± 3.5

0.96 ± 3.3

0.19

0.71

0.60

Cortisol (nmol/l)

825 ± 827

807 ± 599

846 ± 943

0.75

0.56

0.07

Insulin (pmol/l)

90.7 ± 90

96 ± 104

88 ± 98

0.13

0.58

0.81

Glucose/Insulin Ratio

18.3 ± 20

20.2 ± 26

24.1 ± 29

0.36

0.38

0.67

HOMAIR

3.26 ± 3.5

3.33 ± 4.0

2.69 ± 3.0†

0.07

0.05

0.42

Leptin (1/2 g/l)

185 ± 134

130 ± 86†

134 ± 93†

0.97

0.03

0.51

  1. Data are means ± standard deviations for time main effects. LDL = low density lipoproteins, HDL = high density lipoproteins, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, CK = creatine kinase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotranferase, GGT = gamma glutamyltransferase, IL-6 = interleukin 6, TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha, HOMAIR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, G = group, T = time, q = quadratic alpha level. † Indicates p < 0.05 difference from baseline.