Effects of 28 days of resistance exercise and consuming a commercially available pre-workout supplement, NO-Shotgun®, on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of satellite cell activation, and clinical safety markers in males

Table 1 Dietary Caloric and Macronutrient Intake

Group	PL Day 0	PL Day 29	NO Day 0	NO Day 29	Group	Time	G × T
Total Calories (kcal/kg)	33.92 (8.51)	35.67 (8.40)	27.88 (7.47)	28.80 (6.94)	0.13	0.001	0.12
Protein (kcal/kg)	1.39 (0.50)	1.69 (0.47)	1.29 (0.30)	1.56 (0.23)	0.14	0.001	0.19
Fat (kcal/kg)	1.48 (0.47)	1.26 (0.43)	1.09 (0.34)	0.99 (0.29)	0.17	0.001	0.18
Carbohydrate (kcal/kg)	4.81 (1.98)	4.88 (1.43)	3.31 (0.97)	3.85 (1.06)	0.19	0.001	0.13

Data are presented as means and standard deviations of daily caloric values expressed relative to total body mass (kcal/kg). No significant interactions existed for total calories, protein, carbohydrate, or fat calories (p > 0.05). However, significant main effects for time existed for both groups for all four variables (p < 0.001).

ISSN: 1550-2783