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Table 1 Summary of pairwise associations between reason for use and type of supplements used (all athletes who use supplements n = 520)

From: Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice

 

Maintain strength

Enhance endurance

Able to train longer

Doctor's advice

Creatine

97.076 (< .001)

NA

49.140 (< .001)

NA

Iron

NA

0.230 (.632)

NA

35.004 (<.001)

Ginseng

NA

NA

4.062a (.044)

NA

Whey protein

97.823 (.001)

NA

31.180 (.001)

NA

Caffeine

NA

38.761 (.001)

25.192 (.001)

NA

Vitamin C

NA

NA

1.577 (.209)

0.005 (.944)

  1. a expected association from anecdotal effect. Each cell displays the χ2 coefficient and the corresponding p-values in parentheses (NA = no association expected).