Table 3 Implications for Future Research

1. Finding more valid measures of protein balance and degradation.

Perhaps the most valid way would be to conduct more long term chronic studies.

2. The needs of athletes who train 4–6 hours daily with resistance training.

Possibly through nitrogen balance studies, and preferably through chronic long term training.

3. The protein requirements of athletes combining large amounts of both resistance training and endurance training exercise relative to either of these performed alone.

Possibly through nitrogen balance studies, and preferably through chronic long term training.

4. A study which attempts to analyze protein needs when optimizing variables such as the timing of protein ingestion, the pattern of protein ingestion, the rate of digestion, the effect of added energy such as carbohydrates to a protein containing meal, and the quality of protein intake.

Possibly through nitrogen balance studies, and preferably through chronic long term training.

5. Future examinations which attempt to analyze the existence of a protein stat.

Attempt to find some sort of antagonist to the suggested membrane bound protein stat. This finding may allow scientists a method of vastly enhancing protein synthesis in both athletes, as well as populations with muscle degenerative diseases.

6. The timing of protein intake appears to enhance the effects of any given protein bolus. Future research should be done with other supplements in a similar manner.

Vary the timing of a number of supplements relative to exercise training.

7. More studies should be done on the nitrogen sparing effects of carbohydrates verses fats particularly in the context of exercise training.

Test sparing effects under exercising conditions.

8. What is the optimal serving of protein per serving

A graded dosage study in small increments done on separate days to analyze the acute effects as well as a cross sectional study analyzing differing protein servings following exercise on chronic gains.