Skip to main content

Table 2 Blood biochemistries pre-performance tests

From: The effect of almond consumption on elements of endurance exercise performance in trained athletes

Biomarkers

BL

COK

ALM

Antioxidant status

  MDA (μmol/L)

3.9 ± 0.15

3.2 ± 0.5

3.2 ± 0.3

  XOD (U/L)

13.3 ± 0.4

13.1 ± 0.9

12.4 ± 1.0

  TAOC (U/ml)

16.1 ± 0.5

12.8 ± 1.0*

16.3 ± 0.9#

  GPx (U/ml)

0.41 ± 0.01

0.45 ± 0.05

0.43 ± 0.05

  SOD (U/ml)

58.7 ± 1.4

61.2 ± 1.4

59.5 ± 1.4

  VE (μmol/L)

19.8 ± 1.8

25.6 ± 1.7

28.7 ± 2.5*

Training, recovery and oxygen-carrying capacity

  CK (U/L)

224.2 ± 32.9

354.7 ± 62.9

288.3 ± 81.1

  BUN (mmol/L)

6.5 ± 0.5

7.3 ± 0. 7

6.6 ± 0.6

  Hb (g/L)

136.6 ± 2.5

143.2 ± 3.7

145.7 ± 2.7*

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism production

  BG (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 0.2

5.3 ± 0.3

5.4 ± 0.2

  PA (mmol/L)

0.42 ± 0.05

0.44 ± 0.07

0.44 ± 0.07

  FFA (mmol/L)

0.22 ± 0.04

0.16 ± 0.03

0.11 ± 0.01*

Metabolism-regulating factors

  Arginine (mmol/L)

0.073 ± 0.005

0.089 ± 0.011

0.113 ± 0.031

  NO (μmol/L)

99.6 ± 10.6

113.1 ± 15.3

136.0 ± 18.1

  Ins (μIU/ml)

5.5 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 1.6

9.4 ± 2.3

  Cor (mmol/L)

20.3 ± 0.9

22.3 ± 2.3

22.0 ± 1.7

  1. MDA, malondialdehyde (μmol/L), XOD, xanthine oxidase (U/L), TAOC, total antioxidant capacity (U/ml), GPx, glutathione peroxidise (U/ml), SOD, superoxide dismutase (U/ml), VE, vitamine E (μmol/L), CK, creatine kinase (U/ml), BUN (blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), Hb, haemoglubin (g/L), BG, blood glucose (mmol/L), PA, pyruvic acid (mmol/L), FFA, free fatty acid (mmol/L), NO, nitric oxide (μmol/L), Ins, insulin (μIU/ml), Cor, cortisol (mmol/L).
  2. *significantly different from BL at P < 0.05.
  3. #significantly different from COK at P < 0.05.