From: International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Experiment | Subjects | Protocol | Diet control | Duration/dose | Additional supplements | Timing | Damage indices | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nissen 1996 [7] | Untrained, college-aged males | Progressive Free Weights | Yes | 3 weeks, 1.5 or 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK, LDH, 3-MH | With HMB-Ca CK, LDH, and 3-MH all decreased in a dose dependent manner with 20–60 % declines in CK and LDH and 20 % declines in 3-MH, the marker of protein breakdown |
Jowko 2001 [10] | Active, college-aged males | Progressive Free Weights | No | 3 weeks, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | 20 grams creatine per day for 7 days followed by 10 grams per day for 14 days | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK and Urine and Plasma Urea | 26-46 % decrease in serum and urine urea nitrogen with HMB-Ca and HMB-Ca lowered CK by 189 % |
Kreider 1999 [15] | NCAA Football Players | Instructed to not change current training Regimen | No | 28 days, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK | No Effect |
Paddon-Jones 2001 [16] | Untrained college-aged males | 1 isokinetic bout of exercise for elbow flexors | No | 6 days prior to bout, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK, Soreness, Arm girth, Strength | No Effect |
Wilson 2009 [17] | Untrained college-aged males | 1 isokinetic, eccentric bout for knee extensors and flexors | Yes | 3 grams HMB-Ca | No | 60 minutes pre vs. Immediately post exercise | CK, LDH, Soreness | Pre Exercise HMB-Ca: Prevented the rise in LDH and tended to decrease soreness. Post exercise HMB-Ca, No effects suggesting a possible effect of dosage timing on outcomes. |
Kreider 2000 [18] | NCAA Football Players | Offseason Strength and Conditioning Program | No | 3 grams HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK, LDH | No Effect |
Knitter 2000 [11] | Trained runners 20–50 yrs of age who ran a minimum of , 48 km per week | 20 km run | No | 6 weeks, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK | HMB-Ca decreased serum CK by approximately 50 % |
Hoffman 2004 [19] | NCAA Football players | Football camp | No | 10 days, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK, soreness | No Effect |
Panton et al. 2000 [20] | Men and women, divided into untrained and resistance trained (> 6 months), 20–40 yrs of age | Monitored 4 wk high intensity progressive resistance training | No | 4 weeks, 3 grams per day HMB-Ca | No | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK | CK increased 16 and 46 % in men and women, respectively, in the placebo group. In the HMB group CK increased by 3 % and decreased by 12 % in men and women, respectively |
Van Someran 2005 [21] | Untrained college-aged males | Eccentric bout of free weight exercise for elbow flexors | No | 14 days, 3 grams per day | 0.3 g alpha-ketoisocaproic acid per day | 1 gram with each of 3 meals, No timing relative to training | CK, Soreness | Completely prevented exercise induced rise in CK, and blunted the increase in soreness |