Effect of fed- versus fasted state resistance training during Ramadan on body composition and selected metabolic parameters in bodybuilders

Table 4 Body mass and body composition before and at the end of Ramadan, M ± SD

Group				Ramadan effect			Group effect			Ramadan × group effect
				F(1,14)	P-value	η_p²	F(1,14)	P-value	η_p²	F(1,14)	P-value	η_p²
Body mass (kg)	FAST	79.9 ± 5.5	79.2 ± 4.6	1.06	0.32	0.07	0.043	0.83	0.003	0.72	0.41	0.05
Body mass (kg)	FED	79.1 ± 3.2	79 ± 3.7	1.06	0.32	0.07	0.043	0.83	0.003	0.72	0.41	0.05
BF%	FAST	14.6 ± 2.1	13.9 ± 1.9	10.92	0.005	0.043	1.21	0.29	0.08	0.85	0.37	0.05
BF%	FED	13.6 ± 1.3	13.2 ± 1	10.92	0.005	0.043	1.21	0.29	0.08	0.85	0.37	0.05
LBM (kg)	FAST	68.2 ± 3.5	68 ± 3.1	0.023	0.88	0.01	0.062	0.81	0.004	0.31	0.59	0.02
	FED	68.3 ± 2.6	68.6 ± 2.9

Note: FAST = subjects training in a fasted state; FED = subjects training in a fed state. BF% = Body fat percentage; LBM = lean body mass; η_p² = effect sizes. Before Ramadan (Bef-R) = 2 days before beginning the fast; end of Ramadan (End-R) = 29 days after beginning the fast.